Small molecule antigens, also known as haptens, refer to some that cannot induce immune responses when they exist alone, that is, they are not immunogenic, but when cross-linked with carriers such as macromolecular proteins or non-antigenic polylysine Or combined (usually in the form of a covalent bond) to obtain immunogenicity, thereby inducing an immune response. Since a hapten needs to bind to a response effector product to induce an immune response, it is only immunoreactive (antigenic), not immunogenic.
The synthesis of small molecule antigens with good immunogenicity is the premise and key to the detection of drug residues and environmental pollutants. For the coupling and preparation of small molecule antigens and antibodies, we have accumulated a lot of successful experience. According to the specific needs of customers, we can transform or synthesize derivatives of small molecule compounds, provide haptens with different linking arms, or complete the complete synthesis of different carrier proteins. Antigen and other one-stop technical services.
Abvigen has experience in small molecule antigen coupling design and antibody preparation. Using a variety of technical means, the small molecule hapten is artificially modified to improve its immunogenicity while retaining the characteristic epitope of the hapten, to improve the preparation process of small molecule antigen and antibody.
Small Molecule Antibody Applications
Rapid detection of small molecule compounds
Detection of disease-related metabolic intermediates
Monitoring of blood drug concentrations
Food Residue Detection
Doping testing.
Service Process
Hapten Design. The hapten in the immunogen should be as similar as possible to the analyte molecule in molecular structure, stereochemistry and electron distribution; the linking arm in the hapten structure should not be easy to induce "arm antibody", and it is better to use a certain length of carbon The hapten molecule should have an active group (such as -NH2, -COOH, -OH, -SH) that is convenient for coupling with the protein carrier, and the existence of the active group should have no effect on the electron distribution of the analyte molecule; After the hapten is coupled to the protein, the basic structure of the analyte molecule should still be retained.
Complete antigen preparation. Since most drugs, toxins, environmental pollutants and other hapten substances have no immunogenicity, they usually need to be coupled with macromolecular mass carrier proteins to prepare complete antigens (immunogens), and obtain immunogenicity with the help of the T cell epitopes of the carrier proteins. to stimulate the body to produce antibodies. Commonly used carriers for the preparation of complete antigens are bovine serum albumin (BSA), chicken ovalbumin (OVA), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), rabbit serum albumin (RSA), human serum albumin (HSA), Polylysine (PLL). In addition, in order to obtain better immune effects, immune adjuvants are often used.
Monoclonal Antibody Preparation. Antigen emulsification, Immunize 2-3 animals 3-4 times, Cell fusion and first round screening.
Subcloning. ELISA titer determination and selection of positive cell lines, Ascites preparation, antibody purification.
Service Advantage
Rich experience in small molecule conjugation and immunization to ensure high success rate of experiments; strict quality control system and standardized management system to ensure reliable results;
The coupling efficiency is high, and the experiment can be completed in a short cycle, saving customers valuable time;
Services can be customized: Prepared according to customer needs, tailor-made experimental plans for each customer, to meet the special needs of customers.